Madden+World+History+II

BLOCK 5
May 22nd - **QUIZ NEXT TUESDAY MAY 28TH; WRITE 20 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW,** May 14th - notes, no assignment May 13th - Lecture on Colonial artists and Mount Vernon, Monticello May 9th - "Who Am I?" worksheet to go with Patriots handout. Worked on in class. May 6th - quiz tomorrow on reading: Acts leading up to Revolution and list of terms May 3rd - continue book work. Write 20 questions from reading April 24th - Please encourage students to be able sketch architecture styles that were on the Early American Keypoint project as well as roof styles (hipped, gambrel, gable __**TEST MONDAY 4/29**__ finished "Inventions" film handed in Upfront Mag, Ben Franklin 4, Colonial Homes Project
 * May 30th - Quiz on US Map**
 * May 1st - Quiz on terms and events MAY 6th. See Madden Block 8 for details**
 * April 23rd - HOMEWORK: 20 questions from your notes & 10 from "Struggle for Empire**
 * APRIL 12TH** - Notes: Early American Painters


 * APRIL 11TH - ALL HOMEWORK MUST BE TURNED IN BY TOMORROW, FRIDAY**
 * BEN FRANKLIN PART 4**
 * COLONIAL HOMES PROJECT**
 * UPFRONT MAG**

Notes on British and French colonies, Acadians UPFRONT MAG questions
 * April 1st** - know 13 colonies map


 * March 26th - Watched "Last of the Mohicans"**
 * HOMEWORK: Ben Franklin Part III**

March 21st - Watched "Last of the Mohicans", question sheet
Homework: Ben Franklin Pt II due Monday

Ben Franklin Part II due Monday
 * March 20th** - Ben Franklin Part I due Friday

Ben Franklin Part II due Monday
 * March 20th** - Ben Franklin Part I due Friday

MARCH 14th - worked on map of 13 colonies

MARCH 7TH - Finished 25 questions, reviewed for test

MARCH 6TH - TEST CHANGED TO **TUESDAY** - SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION; TEST DATE CHANGED FOR THIS GROUP ONLY students Students have study guide

in class- students made up 25 matching/questions/clues (provide sentences) 1. 2. 3.

25.

(keep separate answer key)

FEB 7TH - Ch 9 Section 1 "New Scientific Ideas" DUE TUESDAY FEB. 12TH CHANGED TO WED FEB 13TH Chart comparing Galileo and Newton. Info comes from handout. DUE WEDNESDAY FEB 13TH -- NOW DUE FEB 14TH

FEB 5th - watched "Count of Monte Cristo" and took notes to be handed in

Feb 1st - Watched "Count of Monte Cristo"

Jan 8th - Assignment: Peter the Great worksheet, Chapter 8 Crossword

assignment - Peter the Great
 * Jan 7th -** notes on Absolute Monarchs'

Jan 3rd - finished "Amadeus" Jan 2nd - watched "Amadeus" Dec. 17th - notes on MOZART

Dec. 13th - Due tomorrow, Friday, 12/14: UPFRONT MAGAZINE (if absent when assigned/worked on in class, must see Mr. Madden to complete with him. Royal Power due

Dec. 12th - finish UPFRONT Magazine first, then Royal Power worksheet (p. 266-269) for Thursday Travel Back in Time due on Monday 12/17 - use laptop to get information

Dec. 10th - work on UPFRONT Magazine and "Royal Power" 9266-269)

UPFRONT magazine worksheet
 * Dec. 7th**- Chinese explorer Zheng He (Ming Dynasty)


 * Dec.6th - "Zheng He" worksheet completed in class**


 * Dec. 5th -**

On Christopher Columbus' second voyage he discovers he's not on the mainland. He brings 1000 men with him who immediately hunt for gold. Columbus was a good navigator but not a good governor or leader. Columbus was arrested b/c of the chaos his men caused on the islands. Natives were enslaved and made to look for gold, etc. He came back to Spain, charged with mismanaging the islands and imprisoned. On fourth voyage hurricanes and ship worm hindered him.


 * Dec. 3rd**
 * "The Amazing Race" worksheet**

STUDY MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA - TEST FRIDAY FINISH “FIRST AMERICANS’ HANDOUT - DUE THURSDAY
 * Nov. 27th** - Reviewed map of voyages

Journey 1: Columbus took off from Spain and landed in Bahamas. On return trip he returned to Portugal

Journey 4: CC leaves Spain, goes down through Cuba and touches mainland in Central America.

Did Columbus prove that the world was round? NO because he didn’t go around the world; he went to the Americas and returned to Spain. CC used journals of Marco Polo to guide him.

Marco Polo started from Venice, Italy.

Review of Magellan’s trip:

Megellan is from Portugal but sails from Spain. He leaves from Spain and goes down coast of Africa, cuts across to South America. Does not land in SA because Portugal already claimed this area. Goes down to southern Brazil and sails around tip of South America. When they crossed the equator the seasons reversed. Magellan’s crew almost froze to death. He found the Strait of Magellan at tip of South America. Turned to cross Pacific Ocean where they hit the “doldrums” and had no wind. Many starved and died. Many had scurvy which causes teeth to fall out, strength fails. We know he landed in the Phillipines because Megellan was killed here when they got into a war with a tribal leader who refused to convert to Christianity (get on his knees and accept Christ). They return via southern tip of Africa and lands back in Spain. Natives had never seen guns or cannons before so Magellan used these to intimidate the natives and force them to convert to Christianity. Magellan felt it his duty to convert Natives to Christianity. Enrique was a slave aboard ship who stayed on the Phillipine Islands. One of the two remaining ships sinks. Who stays who goes back to Spain? Picked colors to see who would stay behind and fix ship. Mateo picked the right one and sailed home. At tip of Africa are captured by pirates. Magellan given credit for being first person to circumnavigate the world. He didn’t really accomplish this because only one ship returned. Got credit b/c he’s Captain General. 258 men left and 18 made it back to Spain, Cartegna was left to die on an island with his dogs.


 * Madden World History II**
 * Nov. 26th**
 * ASSIGNMENT DUE DATES: Thursday 11/29 - Worksheet on Early Latin America**
 * Friday 11/30 - Quiz on Latin America map + 5 bodies of water**
 * Nov. 16th**

//**CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS' FIRST VOYAGE**//

LEARNING TARGET: //**By the end of class today I will be able to tell key events from CC's voyage #1.**//

Statue: **Pinzon Brothers**

CC landed in the Bahamas which was considered “America”

Columbus sails from Spain on August 3, 1492 and lands Oct. 12, 1492. Takes 2 ½ months. Megallan was sent by Spain in 1517 with 5 ships to find Spice Islands through El Paso (the passage) b/c CC didn't find the Orient.

Sails around Bahamas and sees natives who speak a language he can't understand so they assume they've landed in China. CC is basing his assumptions on stories of the Silk Road and Marco Polo's stories. People wore silk in China but these natives were most naked.

The Portugese reported seeing lots of gold on coast of West Africa so CC is looking for gold too. CC notices the natives are wearing gold. Cuba Can – natives repeat this trying to communicate with soldiers to let them know where they are. Explorers think they're sailing Kubla Khan.

CC thought if they kept going on land they must be in China, but they don't see traders selling goods. But he still thinks he's in the Orient.

Voyage 1: leave August 3, 1492; landed Oct. 12, 1492

Look at map handed out showing first voyage: CC circles around Cuba looking for gold. In the morning one ship is missing. Martin Pinzon sailed away with the PINTA (snuck away). Pinzon left to find gold on his own. CC is left with 2 boats now; this is a problem because one ship isn't big enough for his crew and the luxuries they plan to return with.

On Christmas Eve a night watch fell asleep and one anchor wasn't secured. The Santa Maria drifted away and smashed into coral reef. Men drowned. Now they have too many people for one boat. They rebuilt it the Santa Maria.

La Vidad – CC named the settlement on Hispanola La Vividad because it was Christmas. Some of the crew is left behind here while the others head back to Spain with Columbus.

Important discoveries found on first voyage: tobacco potato hammocks (later used on ships to create more space for cargo)

Cattle and horses are not native to America; Spaniards brought them to the Americas.

Martin Pinzon lied to CC and told him the Pinta's anchor let loose and they drifted off. This is a lie. CC didn't refute this because he needed the Pinta.

On way home they were aiming for Portugal. Martino Pinzon gets separated from Santa Maria and doesn't try to catch up with Santa Maria. Pinzon heads back to Portugal b/c he wants to be first back and claim riches. Columbus sails north of where they'd left originally because of prevailing winds. Columbus is imprisoned in Portugal and later released when the Spanish king releases Columbus. The King of Portugal realizes he was foolish for not backing CC's voyage. Back in Spain he's hailed as hero b/c he gets there before Pinzon.

Martin Pinzon was upset b/c he wasn't first. He dies shortly after.

On second voyage Spain sends 17 ships with 1000 men so they can claim land for Spain and convert natives to Catholic Church.

Discussed political difficulties of Christopher Columbus' journey: He was not Spanish He asked too much in way of demands Moors controlled much of Spain

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
Video “THE DISCOVERY’ __Reconquista:__

When Isabella and Ferdinand expel the Moors from Southern Spain in 1492. Moors expelled because they weren’t Christians, they were Muslims.

Jews were forced out with the Muslims b/c Jews were known as money lenders who charged interest. This practice of usury is against Christian beliefs. They could stay if they converted to Christianity.

The conflict between Muslims, Christians and Jews dates back to the Crusades.

CC makes his first stop in Canary Islands (off coast of N Africa) to load supplies.

He kept two logs, one for actual data, the second one to show the crew in the event the voyage took longer than planned; this was meant to avoid mutiny.

Remember there’s a lot of religious turmoil at this time. Luther broke from Catholic Church in 1517, later than Columbus’ voyages.

NOV. 8TH
ASSIGNMENT: MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA - Know countries 1-27

Why did it take 6 years to get his voyage funded?
==== First he went to the Pope; he refused. Then Columbus goes to the Medici Family and they turned him down. He went to Portugal but they didn't fund him because they already had their own voyage planned. ====

==== 2). Be given the formal title "ADMIRAL OF THE OCEAN SEAS." This would make him the highest ranking ship captain in the world. This is a problem in Spain because Columbus is not a noble and he's Italian. ====

Henry was never king because he was not the oldest son.
====He invested money in building the School of Navigation to help sailors and sea captains learn how to use new inventions such as astrolabes, compasses and lateen sails. Students needed to know cartography, mathematics, astronomy, navigation before coming to this schoolPicture: CLIFFS OF PORTUGAL With Prince Henry's SCHOOL OF NAVIGATION on top. Located on coast so they could study ocean.====

====Portugal will have a head start on exploration because of Henry's school. Explorations traveled further south along the African coast on each exploration, then returned to Portugal to give information on findings. Next exploration went further south.====

MARCO POLO - explorer from Venice, Italy
====His father Nicolo Polo and his uncle Maffeo were Venetian merchants. They planned to buy luxurious items from China, India and Indonesia directly and cut out the middle men who jack up the price every time an item is resold. These luxuries were silk, spices, gems, tea, jade, gun powder, porcelain.==== ====MP travels during the Late 13th century; it took 2 years to get to China and back. Marco Polo traveled from Italy and crossed Indian desert to get to China. They're carrying items to trade so they're susceptible to being robbed.====

====Centuries earlier the Chinese built the Great Wall of China to keep northern invaders out. The Mongols broke through (BREACHED) the Great Wall and conquered China. Mongols was the biggest land empire, partially because they were cruel and tortuous to those who resisted.====

====__KUBLA KHAN__ was the Mongol ruler of China. He built the city __BEI JING__ which means "Northern Capital". They built__**The Forbidden City"**__ "where only the emperor and his family lived. Khan becomes friends with Marco Polo and they exchange ideas, language. Marco Polo becomes a government official and given freedoms to travel since Khan trusted him. Marco Polo was given his own palace. He stays 18 years. Mongols are under attack at the time and Marco Polo leaves for Italy.====

====Map of MP's route. Travels back to Italy mostly by water. At this time Genoa and Venice were at war. The Genoese steal MP's goods, throw him in prison. While in prison a fellow prison who's a scholar wrote down MP's travel stories. Eventually MP and crew are released and he goes back to Venice.====

At this time the Arabs (Muslims) took control of land routes to China. That's why CC tries to find the Spice Islands by sailing West.
====Centuries earlier the Chinese built the Great Wall of China to keep northern invaders out. The Mongols broke through (BREACHED) the Great Wall and conquered China. Mongols was the biggest land empire, partially because they were cruel and torturous to those who resisted.====

1st WIFE: __Catherine of Aragon__ (Spanish), one surviving __daughter named Mary;__ divorced
====Henry is able to divorce Catherine because he broke away from the Catholic Church and the Pope's control to become a Protestant; formed the Anglican Church of England and made divorce possible. Now the Monarch (King) is head of the Church instead of the Pope====

====2nd WIFE: Henry marries __Anne Boylen__ and has a __daughter, Elizabeth.__ Anne is arrested for having an extra marital affair. She's charged with treason a "high crime" (going against the king, to plot against your country). Anne Boylen was found guilty and was beheaded.====

====Once Henry VIII dies, who should rule? Catherine Parr is a possibility but she's not of the bloodline. Edward is the only surviving son but the youngest child. Edward is very young (teenager) which causes a problem. He's not prepared to be king and he's unmarried. Edward becomes king but dies young.====

====Mary becomes queen, even though she lived in Spain. She's Catholic so this is a big problem. Mary converts the Church back to Catholicism. She executes those who don't follow and becomes known as "bloody Mary Tudor". Mary dies young, no children since she vowed to never get married.====

====Elizabeth becomes queen and it's called the Victorian age. She's a friend of Shakespeare and supports the arts. England loved her because she's tolerant and does not punish Protestants. She converts back to Anglican Church. She's known as the Virgin Queen since she never married. When she dies, a cousin from the North becomes King. He's from the Stewart bloodline from Scotland. He's called King James. Now Scotland and England merge together.====

Later in life he fell off a horse and broke hip/leg. He's getting older and wants to have a son.
====He meets ANNE BROYLEN who he wants to have kids with. He can't divorce Catherine b/c they're Catholic. The church does allow ANNULMENTS - means to nullify a marriage. The Pope is the only person who can make this happen. Henry's advisors sent a letter is sent to the Pope in Rome to ask for an annulment. The Pope says no because they had Mary, a daughter. In response Henry separates from the Catholic Church just as Martin Luther did. Henry forms the ANGLICAN CHURCH (CHURCH OF ENGLAND) and declares himself head of the church; he allows divorce. He divorces Catherine and marries Anne Broylen. Henry had 6 wives. He divorced 2, beheaded 2, the last one out lived him.====

Homework: Finish "To the Edge of The World" part 2 by Wednesday, Oct 24th
In class: pgs. 195-196 : answer questions due after class

Oct. 19th - Quiz on Monday, Oct. 22nd
"To the edge of the world part 2" due Wednesday, Oct 24th

TERMS TO KNOW FOR TEST

scriptorium sacrament penance indulgences 95 theses heretic humanism cathedral - "throne of the bishop" relic - sacred object stigmata - instantaneous bleeding from the hands, feet or forehead; much like bleeding like Christ pilgrimage - religious journey cruciform plan - cathedrals were built in the shape of a cross nave - center part of church you walk down in an eastern direction transept - the widest part of the church (arms of the cross) apse - back of the altar monastery - where monks lived abbot - head of a monastery theology - study of religion excommunication - worst thing that can happen to you as a Catholic; kicked out of the church which means you can't be saved or go to heaven secular - of the church illuminate manuscripts - monks copied bibles and decorated them

SEVEN SACRAMENTS: Sacraments are sacred ritual that's performed in the church so that people can see symbolism come to life.

1.**Baptism** - original sin means we're born in sin even before we're born; we're being punished for sins of ancestors can only removed original sin from our soul - must be BAPTIZED. Holy water is sprinkled on baby's head

2. **Holy Eucharist (First Communion)** People prayed together, they go up to altar and accept bread and wine. Bread and wine symbolizes the body and blood of Christ.

3. **Reconciliation (Confession)** Confess sins to priest so that you can be forgiven. You had to repent and pray with rosary or do charitable work, etc which is called PENANCE.

4. Confirmation
Must study the bible and catechism In the eyes of the Church you're an adult who knows how to live according to the Bible.

5. Marriage
Performed by priest, witness present. Catholic church wouldn't allow you to get a divorce "Till death do us part."

6. Holy Orders - Ordination
Sacrament by which you become a priest. Martin Luther went through Holy Orders In time of Renaissance the oldest son inherited the father's property. The other sons became priests or went into the guild. Usually one brother entered priesthood because it guaranteed they'd be taken care of and get educated.

7. Last Rites
Priests give the dying Last Rites. In Catholic church if you knew you were going to die they perform Confession because to go to heaven you need a clean soul.

MARTIN LUTHER
He was German. His father was lawyer and wanted him to become one too. He was almost struck by lightning which changed his life. He prayed to St. Anne and makes a vow that he'll give up all his possessions and become a monk. His father was angry. Spent many years copying bibles in the Scriptorium of monastery In Wittenburg he becomes a priest. In 1517 he nailed the 95 Theses (arguments) to the Wittenburg Cathedral Door. ====Church charged him with Heresy. He was excommunicated but refused to take back what he said. He was ready to be executed for going against the church. Enroute to the trial he was kidnapped by friends who hid him in a castle. Together they started the Protestant Reformation.====

Homework assignment: due Friday, 10/19. Get in before weekend. "To the Edge of the World Part I."
"The Arnolfini Wedding" Painting of woman in green standing next to male in black. Van Eyck is given credit for inventing oil paints that allows artist to create better, richer colors. Oil takes a long time to dry. Van Eyck lived in Flanders (now Belgium). In the North paintings were smaller and were placed on wood so you can move it. Van Eyck is known for his __detail.__
 * Jan Van Eyck -** artist

__Symbolism in this painting:__ Fur on Arnolfini Scholars symbolizes wealth. People who wore fur believed in Humanism. Many Northerners were Humanists. His wife to be looks like she may be pregnant. In that age you wished people "many healthy children." Dogs were a symbol of a wealthy household. Detail of chandelier: The light in the candles symbolizes the presence of God. Mirror in the center: shows the reflection of the back of Arnolfini with the priest marrying them. In the presence of God (the candle) and the church (the priest) they are making a vow in marriage. Van Eyck is the witness to the wedding. How did Van Eyck create such detail? Must have used a magnifying glass to see detail. Can see Van Eyck's signature under the chandelier. Must have used extremely small paintbrush to accomplish this. Because he signed and dated it this painting serves as a legal document of the Arnofini's marriage. Renaissance "rebirth" Italian Renaissance took place 1350-1600. It spread from there to the North outside of Italy. Northern Renaissance took place 1400 - 1600. Greek and Roman Classical cultures ideas were being reborn. An example of architectural rebirth was the Pantheon.

__**Philosophy of Humanism:**__ Don't be so caught up in salvation and prayer. What does it mean to be human? This idea leads to lots of debate.

Oct. 10th (notes taken by sub)
No homework assigned

A monastery is a an independent community where monks lived. Monks copies Bibles Abbot - head monk seriptorium - room where Bibles were copies illuminated manuscript - pictures added to copies in Bible

vocab terms to know: Cathedral video

Oct. 9th
Went over correct answers to Italian Renaissance test. Practiced Europe map

Oct 5th -
finished Martin Luther worksheet from green book pgs. 191--

Oct 3rd

 * Abbot** - head of the monastery, the head monk.
 * Abbess** - in charge of nuns in a monastery. Women were not allowed to become priests etc. but became nuns.

examples: bones of St. Peter, slivers of the True Cross, cloak of St. Mary reliquary - box holding relics
 * relics** - sacred artifact


 * pilgrimage** - spiritual journey for a religious reason (think of pilgrims who came to America to seek religious freedom)

"Cathedral" (film)
Takes place in France. Young scribe is named Pierre.

1. Most of the cathedrals shown in this film began construction in 12th century and were completed a century later in the 13th century.

2. The word "cathedral" comes from the Latin word "cathedra" which means "throne of the bishop."

3. The rose windows were 32 feet across.

All bishops are buried beneath the cathedral floor. St. Peters is the burial place for all Popes.

4. The building committee complains that the newer bishop Jervais

**Oct. 2nd**
__**NOTES:**__ __**Religious Symbolism during the Renaissance**__ The Catholic Church was very powerful and wealthy during the Italian Renaissance. In order to make the church appear powerful Pope Julius commissioned many churches, sculptures and paintings to decorate church interiors.
 * Assignment: Worksheet on Martin Luther. Information from green history book in Mr. Madden's room.**

__Cathedral:__ large churches __Monastery__: secluded building complex were monks lived out their lives
 * Vocabulary:**

Before the Catholic Church became powerful the belief in one god was outlawed. Emperors such as Cesear were believed to be descedents of God. This idea goes back to Greek/Roman mythology. Worshipers of Christ were breaking the law. For this reason the symbol of the cross became important.

Cathedrals were buildt in the shape of a cross. This is called the __**Cruciform plan.**__ Priests ran churches with the help of monks who were lowest in the church hierarchy. Monks were trained in __Monasteries__ which were far away from towns and society. Monks lived quiet lives, some never spoke and only prayed all day long. The monasteries were self sustaining - they grew their own food and depended on no one.

=Sept. 27th= Raphael is the new Renaissance artist

Crowd of people inside an arch. Michelangelo and Leonardo are shown in this painting.
 * "School of Athens"** by Raphael

=**Sept. 25th**=

Autumnal equinox occurred this Sunday, temperatures cooling because we're further away from direct sun's rays Renaissance capitalized refers to a time period lower case renaissance is a basic definition: rebirth of classical knowledge from ancient Greeks and Romans
 * Received Study Guide for Renaissance test on Oct 1st**
 * Know major cities of Italy: Rome, Florence, Milan, Tiber River, Venice**
 * Map section on test - 35 of your choice**

Use Google to see "works of arts to know"

Julius was a member of the wealthy Medici family who were bankers.
 * Pope Julius II** was known as the "The Warrior Pope" b/c he used to be a knight; he suited up in armor and went to war with his army.

hierarchy in church: monk, priests, bishop, archbishops, cardinal, pope Pope is selected from amongst Cardinals.
 * Hierarchy: divides groups into ranks or status**

picture of Biblical stories on Sistine Chapel The bearded figure of God is much like how Zeus was painted: old man with big white beard
 * Sistine Chapel:** located in back of St. Peter's
 * "The Creation of Man"** close up of god's hand extended almost touching the fingers of Adam


 * St. Peter's Cathedral -** new church built by Julius II. Michelangelo wanted to work on this church, not painting the Sistine Chapel. He's not happy about the assignment. "I'm a sculpture, not a painter."

Can tell it's St. Peter's b/c of red tile roof.

Movie: **Agony & Ecstasy - worksheet accompanied movie** =**Sept 19th**=
 * Cartoon** - preliminary drawing done on paper; punch holes in it and put it up against the wet plaster, dab it with a cloth and it creates an outline on the fresco.

Equestrian sculpture (horse)
This statue is important b/c it's a massive sculpture that is perfectly balanced on 2 legs. Used math to balance the weight of the sculpture so it looks realistic.

L hired to paint wealthy merchant's wife's portrait. Her name was Gioconda. Notice the smile on her face. This is unusual b/c people had to sit for hours to have portrait painted. Linear perspective shown in how he used contraposto, emotion, landscape, shading and shadows to make it look realistic. L never finished this painting and left Milan with the painting so he was never paid.
 * "Mona Lisa**" by Leonardo

Magi refers to the three wise men in the Christmas story. Can tell it's L's b/c of detail in faces, emotions, landscape in background to give it depth. Uses triangular design to move the eye to the center.
 * "Adoration of the Magi"** by Leonardo

Uses triangular composition to draw our eyes to the center. Looks like it takes place in a cave. Mother Mary in the middle with baby Jesus and figures on both sides. Landscape in background, uses lots of heavy shadows.
 * "Madonna of the Rocks"** by Leonardo

Crossbow sketch Writings from Journals with description of parachute Circle with square with sketch of a human body in the center This shows the Golden Ratio which is a way of drawing a perfectly proportioned human. Can measure distance from one body part to another.s Self Portrait Last surviving work of Leonardo's =Sept. 13, 2012=
 * Journal drawings:**
 * THE MONA LISA WAS STOLEN is due Monday, Sept. 17th**
 * This is a lengthy assignment that requires reading and research on laptop.** Answers must be on separate piece of paper.

Film: **Adrenaline Rush** 1. Flying was da Vinvi's greatest personal dream. 2. It's natural for humans to avoid risk because the physical reaction to risk is the same as reaction to danger. 3. Katarina developed a wind suit that turns falling into flying. 4. Once you have tasted flight you will walk with your eyes turned skyward. For there you have been and there you will long to return. 5.Adrean flew 15 km on one jump which took 4 minutes 55 seconds. 6. Adrean averages 7 jumps per day.erimenting with this invention, scientists might de velop Attitude toward risk - neurotransmitter called seratonin is regulated by MAO. Risk takers have one third less MAOs, this is true of antisocial people and alcoholics. Common to inventors, artists, etc. as well. 7. Free fall experts reach speeds of up to 200 mph. 8. No other animal but humans puts its life in danger for fun. Fjords are deep valleys with tall sheer cliffs located in Norway. 9. Eikesdal, Norway is a sheer, vertical wall with a fall of 4150 feet, 3 times the height of the Empire State Building. Base jumping involves jumping off a cliff without using a plane as in sky diving. 10. It is the willingness to take risk the fuels the quest for knowledge. 11. Leonardo da Vinvi invented a parachute. Symptoms of knowing you're about to take a life threatening risk is much like having a panic attack. Endorphins give you a high. This is what risk takers are seeking. 12. By experimenting with the parachute scientists might develop free flowing objects in the bloodstream.

=SEPT. 14th **Block 8**=
 * Quiz on map and vocabulary - Monday 24th**
 * Complete "The Mona Lisa was Stolen " by Tuesday Sept 18th**

angle of tilt from sun determines the season rotation is on the axis
 * __VOCABULARY:__ Day Year Decade Century Millenium**
 * Day is the amount of time it takes the earth to make one complete rotation -** 24 hours

Year is a series of 365.25 rotations have leap year every 4th year on Feb 28 We base our calendar on the sun Egyptians have 360 day calendar; based on how many days between floods.
 * Year is the amount of time it takes the earth to complete a revolution around the sun**


 * Decade:** 10 years

every new century starts with 1st year 1st century ended on 100 add 1 to year to get 100's digit century ex: 1997 - 1990s decade, 20th century 2012 - 21st century 2010s decade
 * Century**: 100 years
 * Millenium** - we're going into the 3rd millenium

=**BLOCK 5 SEPT. 14TH**= Will get same European map and will go to #25
 * QUIZ :** map and vocabulary on Sept. 18th

USE SAME NOTES AS ABOVE FOR BLOCK 8

EUROPEAN COUNTRIES BY NUMBER ON MAP: 1. Russia 2. Finland 3. Sweden 4. Norway 5. Iceland 6. Scotland 7. England 8. Wales 9. Ireland 10. North Ireland 11. Portugal 12. Spain 13. Andorra 14. France 15. Monaco 16. Luxembourg 17. Belgium 18. Netherlands 19. Denmark 20. Germany 21, Switzerland 22. Lichtenstein 23. Italy 24. San Marion 25. Slovenia

In the time of Leonardo d Vinci every city was it's own country; Italy didn't exist as a country.

__**Milan**__: located in the Alps of northern Italy Leonardo drew war machines for Milan because Milan was often at war.

Leonardo built a statue of a horse but it was never finished; the clay model was used for target practice by the French when they attacked from the north. =**Sept. 14th**=
 * Equestrian**, statue of a horse by Leonardo
 * Assignment:** **practice map up to #25**
 * website: ilike2learn.com can practice map of Europe**
 * turn in Mona Lisa assignment that was due today**

__Drew map of Italy__. Know Adriatic Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Cities : Genoa, Milan. Venice, Rome and the Tiber River.

Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa. Sailed in 1492 to discover America

Italian Alps borders the Swiss Alps in Switzerland

Notes on Leonardo.
 * much of his artwork was never finished or destroyed
 * Born in the 15th Century
 * Couldn't go to school b/c he was illegitimate
 * Left much of his artwork to a student because Leonardo had no children

Pictures you'll need to identify on tests:

close up of angel head **__"The Baptism of Christ",__ painted by Verocchio, Leonardo's teacher.** Notice the dove that shows the Holy Spirit.

__**"David and Goliath"**__ not by Leonardo the face is Leonardo's art term need to know: sculpture, contrapasto

__**Anatomical drawings**__ by Leonardo found in Leonardo's journals Leonardo wrote his notebooks in reverse from right to left with the letters written backwards as well

__**"The Battle Angiari"**__ by Leonardo done in fresco using his first oil paints Soldiers on horses, can see emotion on soldier's faces used **contrapasto** - turning and twisting of subject

the Story behind this painting
 * the story goes that Leonardo entered this in a contest but didn't win
 * some think the fresco still exists but it was painted over

term to know: **tempura** - pigment mixed with water with egg yolks to bind the tempura together
 * helped it stay stuck to the wall
 * colors weren't very bright


 * Oil paint** - Leonardo given credit for being one of the first inventors of oil paints
 * oil paints give better color because they can be layered
 * before this they used tempera paints; egg yolks were used to keep paint bound together so it didn't separate
 * historians think this painting may have been painted over

__**"The Last Supper", by Leonardo**__ **Oil painting**
 * term: **Linear perspective** used to make it look more 3 dimensional by making walls look like they're slanted; when things are further away they get smaller and become less clear
 * Christ is in the center which draws our eye to the middle - use of geometry
 * the 3 windows in the back give it depth b/c you can see mountains in distance

Story being told in the painting: Jesus is about to be arrested by the Roman soldiers and tells his disciples that one of them has betrayed him (can see a money bag on Judas Iscariat who was a double crosser) Can see emotion on the disciple's faces as they try to figure out who betrayed Jesus

Problem with painting: Leonardo was hired by monks to paint this fresco; the monastery was sold and the new owners cut a door into the bottom of the wall Notice the painting is chipping and fading

sketch of "The Last Supper" with disciples sitting around table

Leonardo was a __**cartographer**__ (person who makes maps)
 * Topographical map by Leonardo**
 * drew map from a bird's eye view
 * different from other maps because it shows elevation
 * armies would use these maps to show the mountains and passes

SEPT 18th Block 8

26. Austria 27. Czech Republic 28. Slovakia 29. Poland 30. Lithuania 31. Latvia 32. Estonia 33. Belarus 34. Ukraine 35. Moldova 36. Romania 37. Hungary 38. Croatia 39. Bosnia & Herzegovina 40. Serbia 41. Albania 42. Macedonia 43. Bulgaria 44. Turkey 45. Crete (part of Greece) 46. Greece 47. Sicily 48. Sardinia (owned by Italy) 49. Corsica (owned by France) 50. Malta 51. Montenegro 52. Kosovo

Notes:
Leonardo was a cartographer - map maker Statue of Horse (recent, based on Leonardo's Equestrian statute) Huge, realistic; this work is impressive b/c the horse's legs balance the statue even though only 2 legs touch the ground. Leonardo used contraposto and mathematical proportions to balance the horse on 2 legs
 * Leonardo's topographical map** - bird's eye view of an area showing mountains, rivers

Term: **contraposto:** twisting and turning of the figure being drawn to make it look more realistic and human like. __"Mona Lisa"__ by Leonardo (portrait)
 * painted for a wealthy merchant's wife
 * painted on wooden panel
 * head is mathematically proportionate to body (all to size)
 * known for the smile on her face b/c you had to sit for so long to have portrait painted
 * fashionable then for women to shave their eyebrows
 * uses landscape to add 3rd dimension
 * Leonardo never finished this painting

__**"The Adoration of the Magi"**__ Leonardo
 * Magi (wisemen) came to Bethlehem to see the Baby Jesus
 * Never finished

__**"The Madonna of the Rocks"**__ Leonardo
 * Madonna in the center
 * used landscape to add 3rd dimension

Sketch from his Leonardo's journal - shows how using geometry can be used to draw a human in proportion